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John Todd Ferrier
John Todd Ferrier (7 November 1855 — 31 August 1943)〔Kemmis, E. Mary Gordon (1947). ''Shepherd of Souls: Some Impressions of the Life and Ministry of the Reverend John Todd Ferrier'', p. 88. J.F. Rowney Press〕 was the founder of the Order of the Cross,〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2015-06-26 )]〕 an informal spiritual fellowship fostering compassion towards creatures. He was an advocate of vegetarianism from a Christian point of view.
==History==
Ferrier was born in Greenock, Scotland. Although biographical details are sparse, in 1947, E. Mary Gordon Kemmis wrote a biography and her memoirs of Ferrier: ''Shepherd of Souls: Some Impressions of the Life and Ministry of John Todd Ferrier''. For some years he was a minister in the Congregational Church in Macclesfield, England. However, he became increasingly dissatisfied with the traditional Christian attitude toward animals.〔Grumett, David and Muers, Rachel (2011). (''Eating and Believing: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Vegetarianism and Theology'' ) (multiple pages). Bloomsbury Publishing〕 For this and other reasons he left the church, and, via the Order of the Golden Age,〔Calvert, Samantha (2012). (''Eden's diet: Christianity and vegetarianism 1809 – 2009'' ). Doctoral Dissertation, University of Birmingham (extensive material on Ferrier).〕 in 1904 founded the Order of the Cross.〔J. Gordon Melton, J. Gordon (2001). "Order of the Cross". ''Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology'', Vol 2. Gale Group ((online copy of the article from Answers.com ))〕
In this informal spiritual communion, the members are both vegetarian or vegan and pacifist. He often spoke in defence of 'the creatures', and stated that a true Christian should be vegetarian. In his writings (over 40 volumes) he emphasised the underlying unity of all religious aspirations and suggested that many traditional Christian teachings are allegorical and universal in nature.〔Calvert, Samantha (2007). ("A Taste of Eden: Modern Christianity and Vegetarianism" ). ''The Journal of Ecclesiastical History'', Vol. 58. No 3, pp. 461-481 . Cambridge University Press (extensive material on Ferrier)〕
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